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MPC GRAM
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Covering the entire World of Military Numismatics

Series 003 - Number 633       Monday - 27 MAY 2002
___________________
__277 days to Fest IV__


FEATURED ARTICLE

by Jim Downey

    I was doing some research on-line recently and stumbled across a webpage titled Australian Treaty Series.  The address is http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/.  It houses the complete text of every treaty to which Australia was a party since 1900.  I looked for comparable sites for the United States and the other major countries, but found none.  Treaties deposited with the United Nations are available on-line but only through a paid subscription service.  US treaties can be found in print in the Treaties and International Agreement Series (TIAS).  Unfortunately, the complete TIAS is usually found only in the libraries of major universities and law schools.

I found a number of treaties on the Australian site that made reference to military currency.  These included various treaties of peace at the end of WWII and Status of Forces Agreements.  Below is the relevant text from the treaties I found.

I. WWII Peace Treaties

A. AUSTRIA (15 May 1955)

The Government of Austria shall assume full responsibility for Allied military currency of denominations of five schillings and under issued in Austria by the Allied Military Authorities, including all such currency in circulation at the coming into force of the present Treaty. Notes issued by the Allied Military Authorities of denominations higher than five schillings shall be destroyed and no claims may be made in this connection against any of the Allied or Associated Powers.

B. ITALY (10 February 1947)

The Italian Government shall assume full responsibility for all Allied military currency issued in Italy by the Allied military authorities, including all such currency in circulation at the coming into force of the present Treaty. 

C. HUNGARY (10 February 1947)

The Hungarian Government shall assume full responsibility for all Allied Military currency issued in Hungary by the Allied military authorities, including all such currency in circulation at the coming into force of the present Treaty.

D. ROMANIA (10 February 1945)

The Romanian Government shall assume full responsibility for all Allied military currency issued in Romania by the Allied military authorities including all such currency in circulation at the coming into force of the present Treaty.

[It is interesting to note the difference in the treaty for Austria that limits the Austrian government’s responsibility to those notes of five schillings and smaller.  I assume this is due to the late date of this treaty (1955).  WWII Remembered indicates the Austrian AMC was issued until 30 December 1945 for 10-1000 schilling notes and 24 December 1947 for the lower denominations.  The Austrian National Bank began issuing notes 29 May 1945.  The smallest notes issued were 5 schilling notes of 1945 and 1951.  Austria did issue coins up to 2 schillings during this period.  My presumption is that by 1955 the notes of the Austrian National Bank had effectively replaced AMC as the circulating medium and repudiating AMC at this point would not have an effect on the economy; however, it is possible that the smaller notes remained in circulation due to the absence of notes of similar denominations being issued by the Austrian National Bank.  (For what it is worth while I am on the subject of Austrian AMC, there is a scene in Orson Wells’ adaptation of Graham Greene’s novel The Third Man, which takes place in post-war Vienna, in which Joseph Cotten’s character tries to buy a drink in a local bar with AMC, but the bar won’t accept “army money.”)

Although Italian currency circulated side-by-side with AMC, WWII Remembered indicates that Italian AMC remained valid until 30 June 1951.  There was undoubtedly a vast quantity of AMC lire still in circulation in 1947 such that repudiation of it at that time would have had a negative effect on the Italian economy.

The Hungarian and Romanian treaties are interesting since we do not usually categorize the Soviet occupation issues for these countries as AMC.  Nevertheless, the treaties certainly identify them as such.  I also reviewed the treaties with Japan, Finland and Bulgaria.  None of these treaties made reference to currency.]

Status of Forces Agreements

A. UN FORCES IN JAPAN (1950)

Article IX

1. Non-appropriated fund organizations authorized and regulated by the United Nations forces, may be established in the facilities in use by the United Nations forces for the use of members of such forces and of the civilian components, and their dependents. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, such organizations shall not be subject to Japanese regulations, license, fees, taxes or similar controls.

2. No Japanese tax shall be imposed on sales of merchandise and services by such organizations, but purchases within Japan of merchandise and supplies by such organizations shall be subject to Japanese taxes.

3. Except as such disposal may be authorized by the Japanese authorities and the United Nations forces in accordance with mutually agreed conditions, goods which are sold by such organizations shall not be disposed of in Japan to persons not authorized to make purchases from such organizations.

4. The obligations for the withholding and payment of income tax, local inhabitant tax and social security contributions, and, except as may otherwise be mutually agreed, the conditions of employment and work, such as those relating to wages and supplementary payments, the conditions for the protection of workers, and the rights of workers concerning labour relations shall be those laid down by the legislation of Japan.

5. The organizations provided for in paragraph 1 shall provide such information to the Japanese authorities as if required by Japanese tax legislation.

6. Such organizations may use military payment scrip in their transactions with persons who are authorized to use military payment scrip as provided for in Article XI. Such organizations may not hold deposit accounts in foreign currency with foreign exchange banks in Japan unless otherwise agreed through the Joint Board.

Article X
1. Members of the United Nations forces and of the civilian components, and their dependents shall be subject to the foreign exchange controls of the Government of Japan.

2. The preceding paragraph shall not be construed to preclude the transmission into or outside of Japan of foreign exchange instruments representing the official funds of the Governments of the sending States or realized as a result of service or employment in connection with this Agreement by members of the United Nations forces and of the civilian components, or realized by such persons and their dependents from sources outside Japan.

3. The authorities of the United Nations forces and the Governments of the sending States shall take suitable measures to preclude the abuse of the privileges stipulated in the preceding paragraph or circumvention of the Japanese foreign exchange controls.

Article XI
1. Military payment scrip may be used by persons authorized by the sending States for internal transactions within facilities in use by the sending States in accordance with the regulations of the States which issued the scrip and in whose currency it is denominated. The United Nations forces shall take appropriate action to ensure that authorized persons are prohibited from engaging in transactions involving military payment scrip except as authorized by appropriate regulations of the State which issued the military payment scrip. The Government of Japan shall take necessary action to prohibit unauthorized persons from engaging in transactions involving military payment scrip and, with the aid of the United Nations forces if necessary, shall apprehend and punish any person or persons under its jurisdiction involved in the counterfeiting or uttering of counterfeit military payment scrip.

2. The United Nations forces shall apprehend and punish by due process of law members of the United Nations forces or of the civilian components, or their dependents who tender military payment scrip to unauthorized persons and no obligation shall be due to such unauthorized persons or to the Government of Japan or its agencies from the United Nations forces as a result of any unauthorized use of military payment scrip within Japan.

[This agreement dealt with the status of UN forces in Japan during the Korean War.  Although this serves as the legal basis for the use of MPC and BAFSV in Japan (and possibly the Danish “Jutlandia” issues,) it does not answer the question recently raised in the Gram as to whether the other UN forces used MPC or BAFSV.]

B. US-Japan (1960)

ARTICLE XX

1. (a) United States military payment certificates denominated in dollars may be used by persons authorized by the United States for internal transactions within the facilities and areas in use by the United States armed forces. The Government of the United States will take appropriate action to insure that authorized personnel are prohibited from engaging in transactions involving military payment certificates except as authorized by United States regulations. The Government of Japan will take necessary action to prohibit unauthorized persons from engaging in transactions involving military payment certificates and with the aid of United States authorities will undertake to apprehend and punish any person or persons under its jurisdiction involved in the counterfeiting or uttering of counterfeit military payment certificates.

(b) It is agreed that the United States authorities will apprehend and punish members of the United States armed forces, the civilian component, or their dependents, who tender military payment certificates to unauthorized persons and that no obligation will be due to such unauthorized persons or to the Government of Japan or its agencies from the United States or any of its agencies as a result of any unauthorized use of military payment certificates within Japan.

2. In order to exercise control of military payment certificates the United States may designate certain American financial institutions to maintain and operate, under United States supervision, facilities for the use of persons authorized by the United States to use military payment certificates. Institutions authorized to maintain military banking facilities will establish and maintain such facilities physically separated from their Japanese commercial banking business, with personnel whose sole duty is to maintain and operate such facilities. Such facilities shall be permitted to maintain United States currency bank accounts and to perform all financial transactions in connection therewith including receipt and remission of funds to the extent provided by Article XIX, paragraph 2, of this Agreement.


C. US-Australia 1954

Article 16
Should a request be made by the United States for agreement for the use of military payment scrip, Australia would sympathetically consider the request.

[Since I was searching an Australian site, I was only privy to the SOFAs to which Australia was a party.  It would be interesting to find out whether the SOFAs or other agreements with any other country not usually associated with MPC contain similar provisions.]

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EDITORIAL


I want to take a few moments to list the following articles scheduled for Gram Series matches:

Series 641        Philip M. Goldstein
Series 651        Marv Mericle
Series 661        Harold Kroll?
Series 681        Dave Klinger?
Series 691        Mr. 691?
Series 692        Tom Koch
Series 701        Marcus Turner

Please check to see if this list is correct. If it is not, or if you cannot author the article please contact me..

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CALENDAR OF EVENTS

2002

ANA Seminar:   29 June to 5 July
W.W. II numismatics seminar at ANA Summer Seminar, July 2002
Session I
(Saturday, 29 June through Friday, 5 July, 2002)
Session II
(Sunday, 7 July through Thursday, 11 July, 2002)
general events will return

WESPMEX:   27 - 28 July
Westchester Paper Money Exposition - 175 Dealers
Westchester County Center, White Plains, NY

WESPMEX:   11 - 13 October
Westchester Paper Money Exposition - 100 Dealers
Westchester County Center, White Plains, NY

WESPMEX:   29 November - 1 December
Westchester Paper Money Exposition - 160 Dealers
Westchester County Center, White Plains, NY

2003

CPMX 9:   20 - 23 February,
MPC Fest IV:   28 Feb - 2 March, Port Clinton, OH
Fest Registrants: Doug Bell,  Joe Boling,  Guido Crapanzano,  Dick Freyser,  Philip M. Goldstein,  Gary Hicks,  Harold Kroll, 
Jack Lippincot,  Kevin Maloy,  Leo May$$,  Fred Schwan,  David Seelye,  Nick Shrier,  Larry Smulczenski,  Warner Talso,
Marcus Turner,  Tom Warburton

$$ = Paid          Running total: 17



ANA:   19-22 March, Charlotte, NC

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SCHOLARSHIP DONATIONS

FILING IS CLOSED FOR 2002 SCHOLARSHIP APPLICATIONS

Donations now being accepted for 2003 scholarships.


For further information, please contact:


Military Numismatists
c/o Marcus Turner
8103 East US Highway 36
Suite 163
Avon, IN 46123

maturner@indy.rr.com

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HOT CONTACT LIST - DEALER & RESOURCE LIST


Below is the BNR Press Hot Contact List. This list serves several functions. Obviously it is an outreach by the dealers listed for your business. Most of them buy and sell MPC. Others organize shows or publish periodicals, or furnish information dedicated to this field. They have supported the new Comprehensive Catalog of Military Payment Certificates with their advertising.

They deserve your support and patronage!

Name                                                       phone                    fax / cell                          email
Allens                                                     (614) 882-3937       (614) 882-0662               info@allens.com
American Coins & Collectibles          (800) 865-3562
American Numismatic Ass'n               (800) 367-9723                                               ana@money.org
Guy Araby                                             (562) 945-7891      (310) 508-0018                guyaraby@earthlink.net

Bob Baker                                              (713) 864-3122
Ken Barr                                                 (408) 272-3247                                               ken@kenbarr.com

Fred Bart                                                (810) 979-3400
Dick Balbaton                                        (508) 699-2266       (508) 643-1154               RJBalbaton@aol.com

Keith and Suzanne Bauman                (248) 262-1514                                               tnaksbauman@earthlink.net
Joe Bissell                                              (602) 440-0442       (602) 494-9103
BNR Press                                              (419) 732-6683       (419) 732-6683               fredschwan@yahoo.com

Remy Bourne                                         (800) 789-7070       (763) 789-4747
Ed Carne                                                 (614) 882-3937       (614) 882-0662               info@allens.com

Champion Stamp                                   (212) 489-8130       (212) 581-8130
Cookie Jar Collectibles                         (301) 604-9225                                               cjcpi@comcast.net

Guido Crapanzano                                [39] 2-8056228       [39] 2-4459856
Currency Dealer Newsletter                (310) 515-7369
David F. Cieniewicz                              (205) 852-7015
CGC                                                         (602) 493-4758       (602) 494-9103               sales@gradedcurrency.com
Mike Cummings                                    (863) 603-9899       (863) 603-9880            
   mpccoin@hotmail.com
Cygnet Charters                                    (419) 734-2422
Ray Czahor                                            (301) 604-9225                                               cjcpi@comcast.net

Doric Coins & Currency                      (508) 699-2266       (508) 643-1154
FUN                                                        (407) 321-8747

Larry Gibbs                                            (308) 635-7900                                               oth@prairieweb.com
Philip M. Goldstein                               (845) 254-MPC1 [6721]                                iwantmympc@aol.com  or  MPC Website
Great Lakes Bank Note Company      (419) 732-6683
IBNS                                                                                                                               joeboling@aol.com
Essie Kashani                                        (909) 627-3996       (909) 627-2776               kashani10@aol.com
Lowel Horwdel                                      (765) 583-2748       (765) 583-4584               horwdel@inshightbb.com
Peter Huntoon                                       Smithsonian Research
                                peter.huntoon@att.net
Lyn Knight                                            (800) 243-5211
Krause Publications                             (715) 445-2214       (715) 445-4087  
             bnr@krause.com
Harold Kroll                                           (251) 649-5134                                               HARBONS@aol.com
Leo May                                                 (305) 271-8391      (305) 720-0659                LeoMayEnt@aol.com or Wide World of Banknotes
Ian Marshall                                          (416) 445-0286       (416) 445-0286               iam@total.net
Memphis Coin Club                             (901) 757-2515
MPCGram                                               (419) 732-6683                                               MPCGram@yahoo.com
Bob Reed                                               (504) 361-5684                                               bobreed@rrcoins.net
Fred Schwan                                          (419) 732-6683       (419) 732-6683               FredSchwan@yahoo.com
David Seelye                                         (585) 594-1987       (585) 594-2311               coinman@rochester.rr.com
Richie Self                                              (318) 868-9077
R. M. Smythe                                         (800) 622-1880       (212) 908-4047               www.smytheonline.com

Mel Steinberg & Son                           (415) 453-9750       (415) 457-4432               melsteinberg@mindspring.com
Military Trader                                      (800) 334-7165
Scott Winslow Associates                 (603) 472-7040       (603) 472-8773  
             scott@scottwinslow.com
George Warner                                      (307) 672-3700
Pam West                                              [44] 0208 641 3224   [44] 0208 641 3224      pamwestbritnotes@compuserve.com


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POST / BASE EXCHANGE   (PX/BX/NEX)


Dump your dupes! Your classified advertisement for items for sale, purchase or trade will be run here for free. Send your ads to the gram. This service is for everyone, most humble dealer or most advanced collector. The point is to make the gram more interesting. In all cases confirm your order via email first.

FOR SALE SECTION:
For Sale ads will run for a period of up to 5 issues, or until sold.

Series 541 $10       xf / xf                                                                                 $1250
SN F11420626F      PN 28

Series 591 $5         f / f - with hole in center from folding                                    $400
SN G01590625G           PN 49

Series 591 $10       unc - with 1/8" tear top dead center -                                  $3000
SN G02225825G           PN 29
cannot be seen when in holder - sharp square corners, the unc in Lyn Knights auction sold for 6k+, this is an affordable alternative                 
                                                                                                      
Series 611  $5        vf+ / vf+                                                                             $1300
SN H02336122H   PN 43

Series 611 $10       xf+ / xf+ gorgeous note. 3 light folds, but looks au               $450
SN 04598956H      PN 25

scans available upon request!
reply to Phil:  iwantmympc@aol.com



FOR SALE:  ALLIED MILITARY AUTHORITY CURRENCY FOR AUSTRIA. 1944 ISSUE
P-102b       50 Groschen          XF $1        AU $2        CU $3
P-103a       1 Schilling               F $2           VF $3
P-103b       1 Schilling               F $1          VF $2        XF $3
P-104b       2 Schillings             XF $3        AU $4
P-105         5 Schillings             VF $3        XF $4        AU $5
P-106a       10 Schillings          
(no fractional line in prefix number)      F $3     VF$4         XF $5        AU $6
P-106b       10 Schillings          
(with fractional line in prefix number)     VF+ $5
P-107         20 Schillings           F $3           AU $8
P-109         50 Schillings           VF $8        XF $10      AU $12
P-110a       100 Schillings        
(no fractional line in prefix number)       F $6     VF$8         AU $12
P-110b       100 Schillings        
(with fractional line in prefix number)    F $6     VF $8

RUSSIAN OCCUPATION - WWII - 1945 issue
P-113b       1 Reichsmark         VF $10    AU $20

ALLIED ISSUE FOR BELGIUM - GOVERNMENT IN EXILE - ISSUE 1-2-43
P-121         5 Francs                 F $3          VF $4        XF $5        AU $6
P-122         10 Francs               F $3          VF $4        XF $5        AU $6
P-123         100 Francs             F $10        VF $15      XF $20
P-124         500 Francs             F $50        VF $75

MILITARY ISSUE OF 1-8-46
P-M1         1 Franc prefix 'A'    F $15         VF $25
P-M4         10 Francs  prefix 'A'                 F $50

Please confirm availability with Ed @ hoffman@rabbitbrush.com

Thank you Phil,
ED

Comprehensive Catalog of Military Payment Certificates - 4th Edition
by Fred Schwan

Standard Edition (400 pages!)                                                               $  50
Collectors’s Edition (432 pages!)                                                          $  95
Researcher's Edition (432 page, 46 produced, limited to availability)      $125
All orders plus $4 shipping per order (NOT per book). Send snail mail payment to:


BNR Press
132 E. Second Street
Port Clinton, OH   43452

or PayPal using email:
fredschwan@yahoo.com


WANTED SECTION:
Collectors may submit lists of items wanted for their collections for listing here.
Dealers and collectors who have these items, are then encouraged to list them for sale in the above section as a reply.
Wanted listings will run for a period of 1 month.


WANTED - Fancy Series 641 fractional notes - any condition. (5/18)
WANTED - Philippine Guerrila Money (5/26)



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MPC CATALOG CORRECTIONS & ENHANCEMENTS


Page 18, Bottom - Users of Military Payment Certificates
Check marks were omitted from production copies of books. Please check off the following:
Australia:           641, 661, 681, 692
Canada:            461 through and including 591
Korea:              641, 661, 681, 692
New Zealand:   641, 661, 681, 692
Thailand:           641, 661, 681, 692
United States:    All
(date listed: 02 APRIL 2002)

Page 201, Bottom Right - Very last sentence on this page
Two serial numbers listed for the second printing of
Series 472 .50 cent notes.  The first serial number listed is obviously in error as a nine digit number: C040351392C   
Correct Serial Number is: C04035139C
D Freyser (date listed 10 April 2002)

Page 207, #833/4  - Series 481 .25 4th Printing  (table listing serial number breakdowns)  line 5
Start Number is incorrect. It appears as:
(start) D14784001D   (end) D14784000D
Correct start number should be: D09408001D
PK6 (date listed: 03 APRIL 2002)

Page 214, #855/r2 - Series 541 $1 Replacements,
Ending serial number is incorrect
Correct number is F1112000
(date listed: 02 APRIL 2002)

Page 220, #884/2r - Series 641 .50 Replacements

On page 284, it is broken down into 2 printings. That's correct, BUT, on page 220 he lists only (1) printing reported. It should "list" both first and second printings. 
Guy Araby (date listed 04 APRIL 2002)

Page 287, Series 661 Series Summary, 25 cent note: the "list" shows "#CU as 10(7) . It should read, 8(7). As only 8 are known in CU. Just recount P.289. 
Guy Araby (date listed 08 APRIL 2002)

Page 398, Series #541 $10 on  "UNC." price is $2500, on P.214 the UNC. price is $3500. Also the rest of the prices don't match all the way to "VG" on this issue. They should be the same price.
Guy Araby (date listed 08 APRIL 2002)

===================================================
MPC Gram Staff:


Publisher:                                               Fred Schwan -                              MPCGram@yahoo.com

Editor:                                                     Philip M. Goldstein -                   IWANTMYMPC@aol.com
Subscription Manager:                        Doug Bell -                                   doug@papermoneyworld.net
Tuesday Columnist :                            Joe Boling -                                   JoeBoling@aol.com
Thurski Columnist:                               Larry "Ski" Smulczenski -           skifla@prodigy.net
Friday Columnist:                                 Fred Schwan -                               MPCGram@yahoo.com
Critic:                                                      Harold Kroll -                                HARBONS@aol.com
Distribution Manager:                         Brad Peacock -                              bp22@swbell.net

Scholarship Coordinator:                    Marcus Turner -                           maturner@indy.rr.com
Index & Back Issue Manager:            Ed Beaman -                                  ebeaman@sprynet.com
    
Webmaster & Technical Advisors:   Doug Bell "Wiz" -                        doug@papermoneyworld.net
                                                                 Russ Walsh -                                russ.walsh@gte.net
Fact Checker:                                         Warner Talso -                            
Calendar Coordinator:                          John & Nancy Wilson -

The Boss:                                               Judy Schwan -